In this case study, we report a specific
The latest AAO guidelines concerning the screening for HCQ maculopathy decreased the safe dose from 6
62 ± 0
(CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy are revised in light of new information about the prevalence of toxicity, risk factors, fundus distribution, and effectiveness of
JAMA Ophthalmol
It was initially developed as an anti-malarial but its mass use led to the serendipitious discovery of its anti-inflammatory action
The AAO guidelines stated retinal diseases as a risk factor for HCQ maculopathy acknowledging nonetheless that no specific evidence exists to support this recommendation
003] for the right and left eyes, respectively)
New screening guidelines to identify early maculopathy were issued by American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) in 2016; however, few studies have evaluated compliance with these updated guidelines
As reported by Marmor et al, the risk at this dosage is less than 1% up to 5 years, less The study included 300 eyes of 150 patients, 141 (94%) female and 9 (6%) male, with a mean age of 48
Duration of hydroxychloroquine use ranged from 2 to 30 years, with a mean of 10
Hydroxychloroquine, sold under the brand name Plaquenil (Sanofi-Aventis), is an antimalarial drug that has gained widespread use in treating various autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis
27 So far it remains unclear whether there is a minimum safe cumulative dose, as 1 case
The incidence of retinal toxicity with chronic use of hydroxychloroquine was found to be 0
So keep in mind that patients who have been switched to a newer medication could still demonstrate toxicity if they were once on Plaquenil
Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), biomicroscopic, and fundoscopic
Network
Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy is a drug-induced, or toxic, retinopathy first described in the 1960s in users of hydroxychloroquine (Scherbel et al
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) ocular toxicity is rare but severe, and progression can occur even after termination of therapy
Retina thinning in 219 stable patients receiving long-term hydroxychloroquine therapy averaged (mean ± standard deviation) 0